Transformer Turn Ratio Simulator

Understanding Transformer Turn Ratios and Voltage Behavior

This simulator demonstrates how the transformer turn ratio directly affects voltage transformation between the primary and secondary windings. The relationship is governed by the formula:

Where:

• = secondary voltage
• = primary voltage
• = number of turns on the secondary
• = number of turns on the primary

As you adjust the number of turns, you’ll see the voltage waveform respond in real time. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary (e.g., , ), the output voltage doubles, creating a step-up transformer. If the secondary has fewer turns (e.g., , ), the voltage is halved—creating a step-down transformer.

The sine waves shown represent the AC voltages on both sides. While their shapes remain similar (assuming ideal conditions), their amplitudes change based on the turn ratio. This interactive tool helps you connect the math with the physics by showing how energy is conserved (neglecting losses), and how voltage and current trade off in accordance with the law of conservation of power:

This means if the voltage goes up, the current goes down, and vice versa—an essential principle in electrical power distribution.